Why are *.edu’s compromised so much?
When it comes to the problem of outbound spam, one of the experiences that I have, and this was reaffirmed at TechEd, is that the number one source of compromised accounts are educational institutions. That is to say, whenever we have an outbound spam problem and have to hunt down where it is coming from, the highest number of these accounts are phished accounts/credentials from users at an educational institution.
Why is this? Why does so much spam originate from universities? Why don’t we see the equivalent in the corporate world?
I don’t know the answer. However, I will put forth a couple of theories:
Universities have more lax security regulations. Higher education is stretched for funds and IT administrators just don’t have the time to enforce security updates, install A/V software, and/or they allow students to download all sorts of nefarious things (bit torrents, shareware, etc). This software contains keystroke loggers or something similar which steals user credentials and sends them back to the phisher. In other words, lack of security patching combined with users who takes risks is what contributes to the phished account problem.
Universities allow games to run on their computers, and malware targets these games. This is a theory I have and it is similar to (1) above. One of the most commonly occurring worms in the home user world is the Taterf worm which targets user credentials for MMORPGs like World of Warcraft. Taterf spreads via USB thumb drives and misconfigured network mapped drives. Users trade their USB keys and stuff between each other, and this malware grabs user credentials. Since many people use their email addresses as their login information, and passwords as well, phishers inadvertently started collecting email credentials as well. A nice byproduct. But the point is that students are the ones installing all sorts of games and not taking security precautions, resulting in the spread of malware.
Students fall for phishing scams more often. I have no evidence for this, but if students (or possibly staff and faculty) have a higher rate of spamming then that implies that they fall for phishing scams more often. Spam in their inbox that says “Please click on this in order to ensure that you have the latest software” which really installs malware, or steals credentials, is the result of the phish. Students may not have as much experience with computers and then once they hit school, they get one for free. But with new email accounts comes new experiences that they are not familiar with, and hence, they fall for scams.
None of these explanations is really satisfying to me. It’s possible that it is a combination of the three of them, and also others that I have not heard of.