What if you could focus AFTER you shoot?

This is ludicrously cool: researchers at Stanford have developed a camera that lets you focus after you shoot. 

It's certainly a research idea at this point: from what I understand, the result is a relatively low-resolution image.  But what a disruptive and intriguing idea!  You're effectively trading off megapixels against multiple focus depths, which you could select from - or combine digitally - after the shot.

What else could we use all these megapixels for?  Could you adjust aperture (and therefore generate different depth-of-field effects) after the shot as well?