Could not update the metadata that indicates database is enabled for Change Data Capture. The failure occurred when executing the command SetCDCTracked(Value = 1)
This error message comes when you are trying to enable CDC on a SQL Server 2008 database for which the owner is not "sa". The exact error message will be as shown below.
Msg 22830, Level 16, State 1, Procedure sp_cdc_enable_db_internal, Line 186
Could not update the metadata that indicates database [XXXXX] is enabled for Change Data Capture. The failure occurred when executing the command 'SetCDCTracked(Value = 1)'. The error returned was 15404: 'Could not obtain information about Windows NT group/user 'Domain\user', error code 0x5.'. Use the action and error to determine the cause of the failure and resubmit the request.
Msg 266, Level 16, State 2, Procedure sp_cdc_enable_db_internal, Line 0
Transaction count after EXECUTE indicates a mismatching number of BEGIN and COMMIT statements. Previous count = 1, current count = 2.
Msg 266, Level 16, State 2, Procedure sp_cdc_enable_db, Line 0
Transaction count after EXECUTE indicates a mismatching number of BEGIN and COMMIT statements. Previous count = 1, current count = 2.
The fix for this is to change the databse owner to "sa" by executing the below script.
USE
<Database>
GO
EXEC
sp_changedbowner 'sa'
Read the below KB article for more details.